1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */ 2 3 #ifndef _ASM_X86_NOSPEC_BRANCH_H_ 4 #define _ASM_X86_NOSPEC_BRANCH_H_ 5 6 #include <asm/alternative.h> 7 #include <asm/alternative-asm.h> 8 #include <asm/cpufeatures.h> 9 #include <asm/msr-index.h> 10 11 /* 12 * Fill the CPU return stack buffer. 13 * 14 * Each entry in the RSB, if used for a speculative 'ret', contains an 15 * infinite 'pause; lfence; jmp' loop to capture speculative execution. 16 * 17 * This is required in various cases for retpoline and IBRS-based 18 * mitigations for the Spectre variant 2 vulnerability. Sometimes to 19 * eliminate potentially bogus entries from the RSB, and sometimes 20 * purely to ensure that it doesn't get empty, which on some CPUs would 21 * allow predictions from other (unwanted!) sources to be used. 22 * 23 * We define a CPP macro such that it can be used from both .S files and 24 * inline assembly. It's possible to do a .macro and then include that 25 * from C via asm(".include <asm/nospec-branch.h>") but let's not go there. 26 */ 27 28 #define RSB_CLEAR_LOOPS 32 /* To forcibly overwrite all entries */ 29 #define RSB_FILL_LOOPS 16 /* To avoid underflow */ 30 31 /* 32 * Google experimented with loop-unrolling and this turned out to be 33 * the optimal version — two calls, each with their own speculation 34 * trap should their return address end up getting used, in a loop. 35 */ 36 #define __FILL_RETURN_BUFFER(reg, nr, sp) \ 37 mov $(nr/2), reg; \ 38 771: \ 39 call 772f; \ 40 773: /* speculation trap */ \ 41 pause; \ 42 lfence; \ 43 jmp 773b; \ 44 772: \ 45 call 774f; \ 46 775: /* speculation trap */ \ 47 pause; \ 48 lfence; \ 49 jmp 775b; \ 50 774: \ 51 dec reg; \ 52 jnz 771b; \ 53 add $(BITS_PER_LONG/8) * nr, sp; 54 55 #ifdef __ASSEMBLY__ 56 57 /* 58 * This should be used immediately before a retpoline alternative. It tells 59 * objtool where the retpolines are so that it can make sense of the control 60 * flow by just reading the original instruction(s) and ignoring the 61 * alternatives. 62 */ 63 .macro ANNOTATE_NOSPEC_ALTERNATIVE 64 .Lannotate_\@: 65 .pushsection .discard.nospec 66 .long .Lannotate_\@ - . 67 .popsection 68 .endm 69 70 /* 71 * This should be used immediately before an indirect jump/call. It tells 72 * objtool the subsequent indirect jump/call is vouched safe for retpoline 73 * builds. 74 */ 75 .macro ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE 76 .Lannotate_\@: 77 .pushsection .discard.retpoline_safe 78 _ASM_PTR .Lannotate_\@ 79 .popsection 80 .endm 81 82 /* 83 * These are the bare retpoline primitives for indirect jmp and call. 84 * Do not use these directly; they only exist to make the ALTERNATIVE 85 * invocation below less ugly. 86 */ 87 .macro RETPOLINE_JMP reg:req 88 call .Ldo_rop_\@ 89 .Lspec_trap_\@: 90 pause 91 lfence 92 jmp .Lspec_trap_\@ 93 .Ldo_rop_\@: 94 mov \reg, (%_ASM_SP) 95 ret 96 .endm 97 98 /* 99 * This is a wrapper around RETPOLINE_JMP so the called function in reg 100 * returns to the instruction after the macro. 101 */ 102 .macro RETPOLINE_CALL reg:req 103 jmp .Ldo_call_\@ 104 .Ldo_retpoline_jmp_\@: 105 RETPOLINE_JMP \reg 106 .Ldo_call_\@: 107 call .Ldo_retpoline_jmp_\@ 108 .endm 109 110 /* 111 * JMP_NOSPEC and CALL_NOSPEC macros can be used instead of a simple 112 * indirect jmp/call which may be susceptible to the Spectre variant 2 113 * attack. 114 */ 115 .macro JMP_NOSPEC reg:req 116 #ifdef CONFIG_RETPOLINE 117 ANNOTATE_NOSPEC_ALTERNATIVE 118 ALTERNATIVE_2 __stringify(ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE; jmp *\reg), \ 119 __stringify(RETPOLINE_JMP \reg), X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE, \ 120 __stringify(lfence; ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE; jmp *\reg), X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_AMD 121 #else 122 jmp *\reg 123 #endif 124 .endm 125 126 .macro CALL_NOSPEC reg:req 127 #ifdef CONFIG_RETPOLINE 128 ANNOTATE_NOSPEC_ALTERNATIVE 129 ALTERNATIVE_2 __stringify(ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE; call *\reg), \ 130 __stringify(RETPOLINE_CALL \reg), X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE,\ 131 __stringify(lfence; ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE; call *\reg), X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_AMD 132 #else 133 call *\reg 134 #endif 135 .endm 136 137 /* 138 * A simpler FILL_RETURN_BUFFER macro. Don't make people use the CPP 139 * monstrosity above, manually. 140 */ 141 .macro FILL_RETURN_BUFFER reg:req nr:req ftr:req 142 #ifdef CONFIG_RETPOLINE 143 ANNOTATE_NOSPEC_ALTERNATIVE 144 ALTERNATIVE "jmp .Lskip_rsb_\@", \ 145 __stringify(__FILL_RETURN_BUFFER(\reg,\nr,%_ASM_SP)) \ 146 \ftr 147 .Lskip_rsb_\@: 148 #endif 149 .endm 150 151 #else /* __ASSEMBLY__ */ 152 153 #define ANNOTATE_NOSPEC_ALTERNATIVE \ 154 "999:\n\t" \ 155 ".pushsection .discard.nospec\n\t" \ 156 ".long 999b - .\n\t" \ 157 ".popsection\n\t" 158 159 #define ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE \ 160 "999:\n\t" \ 161 ".pushsection .discard.retpoline_safe\n\t" \ 162 _ASM_PTR " 999b\n\t" \ 163 ".popsection\n\t" 164 165 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_64) && defined(RETPOLINE) 166 167 /* 168 * Since the inline asm uses the %V modifier which is only in newer GCC, 169 * the 64-bit one is dependent on RETPOLINE not CONFIG_RETPOLINE. 170 */ 171 # define CALL_NOSPEC \ 172 ANNOTATE_NOSPEC_ALTERNATIVE \ 173 ALTERNATIVE( \ 174 ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE \ 175 "call *%[thunk_target]\n", \ 176 "call __x86_indirect_thunk_%V[thunk_target]\n", \ 177 X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE) 178 # define THUNK_TARGET(addr) [thunk_target] "r" (addr) 179 180 #elif defined(CONFIG_X86_32) && defined(CONFIG_RETPOLINE) 181 /* 182 * For i386 we use the original ret-equivalent retpoline, because 183 * otherwise we'll run out of registers. We don't care about CET 184 * here, anyway. 185 */ 186 # define CALL_NOSPEC \ 187 ALTERNATIVE( \ 188 ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE \ 189 "call *%[thunk_target]\n", \ 190 " jmp 904f;\n" \ 191 " .align 16\n" \ 192 "901: call 903f;\n" \ 193 "902: pause;\n" \ 194 " lfence;\n" \ 195 " jmp 902b;\n" \ 196 " .align 16\n" \ 197 "903: addl $4, %%esp;\n" \ 198 " pushl %[thunk_target];\n" \ 199 " ret;\n" \ 200 " .align 16\n" \ 201 "904: call 901b;\n", \ 202 X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE) 203 204 # define THUNK_TARGET(addr) [thunk_target] "rm" (addr) 205 #else /* No retpoline for C / inline asm */ 206 # define CALL_NOSPEC "call *%[thunk_target]\n" 207 # define THUNK_TARGET(addr) [thunk_target] "rm" (addr) 208 #endif 209 210 /* The Spectre V2 mitigation variants */ 211 enum spectre_v2_mitigation { 212 SPECTRE_V2_NONE, 213 SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE_MINIMAL, 214 SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE_MINIMAL_AMD, 215 SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE_GENERIC, 216 SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE_AMD, 217 SPECTRE_V2_IBRS_ENHANCED, 218 }; 219 220 /* The Speculative Store Bypass disable variants */ 221 enum ssb_mitigation { 222 SPEC_STORE_BYPASS_NONE, 223 SPEC_STORE_BYPASS_DISABLE, 224 SPEC_STORE_BYPASS_PRCTL, 225 SPEC_STORE_BYPASS_SECCOMP, 226 }; 227 228 extern char __indirect_thunk_start[]; 229 extern char __indirect_thunk_end[]; 230 231 /* 232 * On VMEXIT we must ensure that no RSB predictions learned in the guest 233 * can be followed in the host, by overwriting the RSB completely. Both 234 * retpoline and IBRS mitigations for Spectre v2 need this; only on future 235 * CPUs with IBRS_ALL *might* it be avoided. 236 */ 237 static inline void vmexit_fill_RSB(void) 238 { 239 #ifdef CONFIG_RETPOLINE 240 unsigned long loops; 241 242 asm volatile (ANNOTATE_NOSPEC_ALTERNATIVE 243 ALTERNATIVE("jmp 910f", 244 __stringify(__FILL_RETURN_BUFFER(%0, RSB_CLEAR_LOOPS, %1)), 245 X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE) 246 "910:" 247 : "=r" (loops), ASM_CALL_CONSTRAINT 248 : : "memory" ); 249 #endif 250 } 251 252 static __always_inline 253 void alternative_msr_write(unsigned int msr, u64 val, unsigned int feature) 254 { 255 asm volatile(ALTERNATIVE("", "wrmsr", %c[feature]) 256 : : "c" (msr), 257 "a" ((u32)val), 258 "d" ((u32)(val >> 32)), 259 [feature] "i" (feature) 260 : "memory"); 261 } 262 263 static inline void indirect_branch_prediction_barrier(void) 264 { 265 u64 val = PRED_CMD_IBPB; 266 267 alternative_msr_write(MSR_IA32_PRED_CMD, val, X86_FEATURE_USE_IBPB); 268 } 269 270 /* The Intel SPEC CTRL MSR base value cache */ 271 extern u64 x86_spec_ctrl_base; 272 273 /* 274 * With retpoline, we must use IBRS to restrict branch prediction 275 * before calling into firmware. 276 * 277 * (Implemented as CPP macros due to header hell.) 278 */ 279 #define firmware_restrict_branch_speculation_start() \ 280 do { \ 281 u64 val = x86_spec_ctrl_base | SPEC_CTRL_IBRS; \ 282 \ 283 preempt_disable(); \ 284 alternative_msr_write(MSR_IA32_SPEC_CTRL, val, \ 285 X86_FEATURE_USE_IBRS_FW); \ 286 } while (0) 287 288 #define firmware_restrict_branch_speculation_end() \ 289 do { \ 290 u64 val = x86_spec_ctrl_base; \ 291 \ 292 alternative_msr_write(MSR_IA32_SPEC_CTRL, val, \ 293 X86_FEATURE_USE_IBRS_FW); \ 294 preempt_enable(); \ 295 } while (0) 296 297 #endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */ 298 299 /* 300 * Below is used in the eBPF JIT compiler and emits the byte sequence 301 * for the following assembly: 302 * 303 * With retpolines configured: 304 * 305 * callq do_rop 306 * spec_trap: 307 * pause 308 * lfence 309 * jmp spec_trap 310 * do_rop: 311 * mov %rax,(%rsp) for x86_64 312 * mov %edx,(%esp) for x86_32 313 * retq 314 * 315 * Without retpolines configured: 316 * 317 * jmp *%rax for x86_64 318 * jmp *%edx for x86_32 319 */ 320 #ifdef CONFIG_RETPOLINE 321 # ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 322 # define RETPOLINE_RAX_BPF_JIT_SIZE 17 323 # define RETPOLINE_RAX_BPF_JIT() \ 324 do { \ 325 EMIT1_off32(0xE8, 7); /* callq do_rop */ \ 326 /* spec_trap: */ \ 327 EMIT2(0xF3, 0x90); /* pause */ \ 328 EMIT3(0x0F, 0xAE, 0xE8); /* lfence */ \ 329 EMIT2(0xEB, 0xF9); /* jmp spec_trap */ \ 330 /* do_rop: */ \ 331 EMIT4(0x48, 0x89, 0x04, 0x24); /* mov %rax,(%rsp) */ \ 332 EMIT1(0xC3); /* retq */ \ 333 } while (0) 334 # else /* !CONFIG_X86_64 */ 335 # define RETPOLINE_EDX_BPF_JIT() \ 336 do { \ 337 EMIT1_off32(0xE8, 7); /* call do_rop */ \ 338 /* spec_trap: */ \ 339 EMIT2(0xF3, 0x90); /* pause */ \ 340 EMIT3(0x0F, 0xAE, 0xE8); /* lfence */ \ 341 EMIT2(0xEB, 0xF9); /* jmp spec_trap */ \ 342 /* do_rop: */ \ 343 EMIT3(0x89, 0x14, 0x24); /* mov %edx,(%esp) */ \ 344 EMIT1(0xC3); /* ret */ \ 345 } while (0) 346 # endif 347 #else /* !CONFIG_RETPOLINE */ 348 # ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 349 # define RETPOLINE_RAX_BPF_JIT_SIZE 2 350 # define RETPOLINE_RAX_BPF_JIT() \ 351 EMIT2(0xFF, 0xE0); /* jmp *%rax */ 352 # else /* !CONFIG_X86_64 */ 353 # define RETPOLINE_EDX_BPF_JIT() \ 354 EMIT2(0xFF, 0xE2) /* jmp *%edx */ 355 # endif 356 #endif 357 358 #endif /* _ASM_X86_NOSPEC_BRANCH_H_ */ 359
