xref: /Linux-v5.15/include/linux/percpu-refcount.h

/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
/*
 * Percpu refcounts:
 * (C) 2012 Google, Inc.
 * Author: Kent Overstreet <koverstreet@google.com>
 *
 * This implements a refcount with similar semantics to atomic_t - atomic_inc(),
 * atomic_dec_and_test() - but percpu.
 *
 * There's one important difference between percpu refs and normal atomic_t
 * refcounts; you have to keep track of your initial refcount, and then when you
 * start shutting down you call percpu_ref_kill() _before_ dropping the initial
 * refcount.
 *
 * The refcount will have a range of 0 to ((1U << 31) - 1), i.e. one bit less
 * than an atomic_t - this is because of the way shutdown works, see
 * percpu_ref_kill()/PERCPU_COUNT_BIAS.
 *
 * Before you call percpu_ref_kill(), percpu_ref_put() does not check for the
 * refcount hitting 0 - it can't, if it was in percpu mode. percpu_ref_kill()
 * puts the ref back in single atomic_t mode, collecting the per cpu refs and
 * issuing the appropriate barriers, and then marks the ref as shutting down so
 * that percpu_ref_put() will check for the ref hitting 0.  After it returns,
 * it's safe to drop the initial ref.
 *
 * USAGE:
 *
 * See fs/aio.c for some example usage; it's used there for struct kioctx, which
 * is created when userspaces calls io_setup(), and destroyed when userspace
 * calls io_destroy() or the process exits.
 *
 * In the aio code, kill_ioctx() is called when we wish to destroy a kioctx; it
 * removes the kioctx from the proccess's table of kioctxs and kills percpu_ref.
 * After that, there can't be any new users of the kioctx (from lookup_ioctx())
 * and it's then safe to drop the initial ref with percpu_ref_put().
 *
 * Note that the free path, free_ioctx(), needs to go through explicit call_rcu()
 * to synchronize with RCU protected lookup_ioctx().  percpu_ref operations don't
 * imply RCU grace periods of any kind and if a user wants to combine percpu_ref
 * with RCU protection, it must be done explicitly.
 *
 * Code that does a two stage shutdown like this often needs some kind of
 * explicit synchronization to ensure the initial refcount can only be dropped
 * once - percpu_ref_kill() does this for you, it returns true once and false if
 * someone else already called it. The aio code uses it this way, but it's not
 * necessary if the code has some other mechanism to synchronize teardown.
 * around.
 */

#ifndef _LINUX_PERCPU_REFCOUNT_H
#define _LINUX_PERCPU_REFCOUNT_H

#include <linux/atomic.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>

struct percpu_ref;
typedef void (percpu_ref_func_t)(struct percpu_ref *);

/* flags set in the lower bits of percpu_ref->percpu_count_ptr */
enum {
	__PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC	= 1LU << 0,	/* operating in atomic mode */
	__PERCPU_REF_DEAD	= 1LU << 1,	/* (being) killed */
	__PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC_DEAD = __PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC | __PERCPU_REF_DEAD,

	__PERCPU_REF_FLAG_BITS	= 2,
};

/* @flags for percpu_ref_init() */
enum {
	/*
	 * Start w/ ref == 1 in atomic mode.  Can be switched to percpu
	 * operation using percpu_ref_switch_to_percpu().  If initialized
	 * with this flag, the ref will stay in atomic mode until
	 * percpu_ref_switch_to_percpu() is invoked on it.
	 * Implies ALLOW_REINIT.
	 */
	PERCPU_REF_INIT_ATOMIC	= 1 << 0,

	/*
	 * Start dead w/ ref == 0 in atomic mode.  Must be revived with
	 * percpu_ref_reinit() before used.  Implies INIT_ATOMIC and
	 * ALLOW_REINIT.
	 */
	PERCPU_REF_INIT_DEAD	= 1 << 1,

	/*
	 * Allow switching from atomic mode to percpu mode.
	 */
	PERCPU_REF_ALLOW_REINIT	= 1 << 2,
};

struct percpu_ref_data {
	atomic_long_t		count;
	percpu_ref_func_t	*release;
	percpu_ref_func_t	*confirm_switch;
	bool			force_atomic:1;
	bool			allow_reinit:1;
	struct rcu_head		rcu;
	struct percpu_ref	*ref;
};

struct percpu_ref {
	/*
	 * The low bit of the pointer indicates whether the ref is in percpu
	 * mode; if set, then get/put will manipulate the atomic_t.
	 */
	unsigned long		percpu_count_ptr;

	/*
	 * 'percpu_ref' is often embedded into user structure, and only
	 * 'percpu_count_ptr' is required in fast path, move other fields
	 * into 'percpu_ref_data', so we can reduce memory footprint in
	 * fast path.
	 */
	struct percpu_ref_data  *data;
};

int __must_check percpu_ref_init(struct percpu_ref *ref,
				 percpu_ref_func_t *release, unsigned int flags,
				 gfp_t gfp);
void percpu_ref_exit(struct percpu_ref *ref);
void percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic(struct percpu_ref *ref,
				 percpu_ref_func_t *confirm_switch);
void percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_sync(struct percpu_ref *ref);
void percpu_ref_switch_to_percpu(struct percpu_ref *ref);
void percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm(struct percpu_ref *ref,
				 percpu_ref_func_t *confirm_kill);
void percpu_ref_resurrect(struct percpu_ref *ref);
void percpu_ref_reinit(struct percpu_ref *ref);
bool percpu_ref_is_zero(struct percpu_ref *ref);

/**
 * percpu_ref_kill - drop the initial ref
 * @ref: percpu_ref to kill
 *
 * Must be used to drop the initial ref on a percpu refcount; must be called
 * precisely once before shutdown.
 *
 * Switches @ref into atomic mode before gathering up the percpu counters
 * and dropping the initial ref.
 *
 * There are no implied RCU grace periods between kill and release.
 */
static inline void percpu_ref_kill(struct percpu_ref *ref)
{
	percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm(ref, NULL);
}

/*
 * Internal helper.  Don't use outside percpu-refcount proper.  The
 * function doesn't return the pointer and let the caller test it for NULL
 * because doing so forces the compiler to generate two conditional
 * branches as it can't assume that @ref->percpu_count is not NULL.
 */
static inline bool __ref_is_percpu(struct percpu_ref *ref,
					  unsigned long __percpu **percpu_countp)
{
	unsigned long percpu_ptr;

	/*
	 * The value of @ref->percpu_count_ptr is tested for
	 * !__PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC, which may be set asynchronously, and then
	 * used as a pointer.  If the compiler generates a separate fetch
	 * when using it as a pointer, __PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC may be set in
	 * between contaminating the pointer value, meaning that
	 * READ_ONCE() is required when fetching it.
	 *
	 * The dependency ordering from the READ_ONCE() pairs
	 * with smp_store_release() in __percpu_ref_switch_to_percpu().
	 */
	percpu_ptr = READ_ONCE(ref->percpu_count_ptr);

	/*
	 * Theoretically, the following could test just ATOMIC; however,
	 * then we'd have to mask off DEAD separately as DEAD may be
	 * visible without ATOMIC if we race with percpu_ref_kill().  DEAD
	 * implies ATOMIC anyway.  Test them together.
	 */
	if (unlikely(percpu_ptr & __PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC_DEAD))
		return false;

	*percpu_countp = (unsigned long __percpu *)percpu_ptr;
	return true;
}

/**
 * percpu_ref_get_many - increment a percpu refcount
 * @ref: percpu_ref to get
 * @nr: number of references to get
 *
 * Analogous to atomic_long_add().
 *
 * This function is safe to call as long as @ref is between init and exit.
 */
static inline void percpu_ref_get_many(struct percpu_ref *ref, unsigned long nr)
{
	unsigned long __percpu *percpu_count;

	rcu_read_lock();

	if (__ref_is_percpu(ref, &percpu_count))
		this_cpu_add(*percpu_count, nr);
	else
		atomic_long_add(nr, &ref->data->count);

	rcu_read_unlock();
}

/**
 * percpu_ref_get - increment a percpu refcount
 * @ref: percpu_ref to get
 *
 * Analogous to atomic_long_inc().
 *
 * This function is safe to call as long as @ref is between init and exit.
 */
static inline void percpu_ref_get(struct percpu_ref *ref)
{
	percpu_ref_get_many(ref, 1);
}

/**
 * percpu_ref_tryget_many - try to increment a percpu refcount
 * @ref: percpu_ref to try-get
 * @nr: number of references to get
 *
 * Increment a percpu refcount  by @nr unless its count already reached zero.
 * Returns %true on success; %false on failure.
 *
 * This function is safe to call as long as @ref is between init and exit.
 */
static inline bool percpu_ref_tryget_many(struct percpu_ref *ref,
					  unsigned long nr)
{
	unsigned long __percpu *percpu_count;
	bool ret;

	rcu_read_lock();

	if (__ref_is_percpu(ref, &percpu_count)) {
		this_cpu_add(*percpu_count, nr);
		ret = true;
	} else {
		ret = atomic_long_add_unless(&ref->data->count, nr, 0);
	}

	rcu_read_unlock();

	return ret;
}

/**
 * percpu_ref_tryget - try to increment a percpu refcount
 * @ref: percpu_ref to try-get
 *
 * Increment a percpu refcount unless its count already reached zero.
 * Returns %true on success; %false on failure.
 *
 * This function is safe to call as long as @ref is between init and exit.
 */
static inline bool percpu_ref_tryget(struct percpu_ref *ref)
{
	return percpu_ref_tryget_many(ref, 1);
}

/**
 * percpu_ref_tryget_live - try to increment a live percpu refcount
 * @ref: percpu_ref to try-get
 *
 * Increment a percpu refcount unless it has already been killed.  Returns
 * %true on success; %false on failure.
 *
 * Completion of percpu_ref_kill() in itself doesn't guarantee that this
 * function will fail.  For such guarantee, percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm()
 * should be used.  After the confirm_kill callback is invoked, it's
 * guaranteed that no new reference will be given out by
 * percpu_ref_tryget_live().
 *
 * This function is safe to call as long as @ref is between init and exit.
 */
static inline bool percpu_ref_tryget_live(struct percpu_ref *ref)
{
	unsigned long __percpu *percpu_count;
	bool ret = false;

	rcu_read_lock();

	if (__ref_is_percpu(ref, &percpu_count)) {
		this_cpu_inc(*percpu_count);
		ret = true;
	} else if (!(ref->percpu_count_ptr & __PERCPU_REF_DEAD)) {
		ret = atomic_long_inc_not_zero(&ref->data->count);
	}

	rcu_read_unlock();

	return ret;
}

/**
 * percpu_ref_put_many - decrement a percpu refcount
 * @ref: percpu_ref to put
 * @nr: number of references to put
 *
 * Decrement the refcount, and if 0, call the release function (which was passed
 * to percpu_ref_init())
 *
 * This function is safe to call as long as @ref is between init and exit.
 */
static inline void percpu_ref_put_many(struct percpu_ref *ref, unsigned long nr)
{
	unsigned long __percpu *percpu_count;

	rcu_read_lock();

	if (__ref_is_percpu(ref, &percpu_count))
		this_cpu_sub(*percpu_count, nr);
	else if (unlikely(atomic_long_sub_and_test(nr, &ref->data->count)))
		ref->data->release(ref);

	rcu_read_unlock();
}

/**
 * percpu_ref_put - decrement a percpu refcount
 * @ref: percpu_ref to put
 *
 * Decrement the refcount, and if 0, call the release function (which was passed
 * to percpu_ref_init())
 *
 * This function is safe to call as long as @ref is between init and exit.
 */
static inline void percpu_ref_put(struct percpu_ref *ref)
{
	percpu_ref_put_many(ref, 1);
}

/**
 * percpu_ref_is_dying - test whether a percpu refcount is dying or dead
 * @ref: percpu_ref to test
 *
 * Returns %true if @ref is dying or dead.
 *
 * This function is safe to call as long as @ref is between init and exit
 * and the caller is responsible for synchronizing against state changes.
 */
static inline bool percpu_ref_is_dying(struct percpu_ref *ref)
{
	return ref->percpu_count_ptr & __PERCPU_REF_DEAD;
}

#endif