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23 interface to Speakup, a Linux Screen Reader. If you need instructions
33 the system is shutdown. This means that if you have obtained Linux
35 of its kernel, you will be able, as a blind person, to install Linux
43 specific synthesizer by default, then all you need to do to use Speakup
52 synthesizers and not others. If you find that this is the case, and
59 synthesizer set, or you would like to use a different synthesizer than
60 the default one, then you may issue the following command at the boot
66 DoubleTalk LT at boot up. You may replace the ltlk synthesizer keyword
67 with the keyword for whatever synthesizer you wish to use. The
102 administrator. This will mean that you will hear some, but not all, of
107 Once you have booted the system, and if necessary, have supplied the
125 to work. If you toggle the numlock on, the keypad will produce numbers,
126 which is exactly what you want for spreadsheets and such. For the
127 purposes of this guide, you should have the numlock turned off, which is
130 You probably won't want to listen to all the bootup messages every time
131 you start your system, though it's a good idea to listen to them at
132 least once, just so you'll know what kind of information is available to
133 you during the boot process. You can always review these messages after
141 that way, until you press another key.
143 You can check to see if the boot process has completed by pressing the 8
145 effect of starting Speakup talking again, so you can press keypad enter
148 When the boot process is complete, you will arrive at a "login" prompt.
149 At this point, you'll need to type in your user id and password, as
150 provided by your system administrator. You will hear Speakup speak the
151 letters of your user id as you type it, but not the password. This is
156 Once you've logged in, you can run any Linux command or program which is
160 When you are running a program or command, Speakup will automatically
161 speak new text as it arrives on the screen. You can at any time silence
182 as the speakup key. Instead of pressing and releasing this key, as you
183 do under DOS or Windows, you hold it like a shift key, and press other
188 until you hit another key. When you hit speakup plus keypad enter,
189 Speakup will say, "You turned me off.", or "Hey, that's better." When
190 Speakup is turned off, no new text on the screen will be spoken. You
197 You will hear the message:
202 When you press the spacebar to leave the help system, you will hear:
206 While you are in the Speakup help system, you can scroll up or down
208 of commands is arranged in alphabetical order. If you wish to jump to
209 commands in a specific part of the alphabet, you may press the letter of
210 the alphabet you wish to jump to.
212 You can also just explore by typing keyboard keys. Pressing keys will
214 example, if you press the keypad 8 key, you will hear:
218 You'll notice that some commands do not have keys assigned to them.
223 You'll also notice that some commands have two keys assigned to them.
225 for laptop users. The alternate speakup key is the caps lock key. You
233 gives you a simple way to get at an alternative set of key mappings for
236 laptop. So you may choose which set of Speakup keys to use. Some
247 commands. You can also get a list of commands and assigned keys from
359 You can see these entries by typing the command:
363 If you issue the above ls command, you will get back something like
422 driver for the software synthesizer. If you use the LiteTalk, your
429 volume, pitch, and rate, you can also echo values to the appropriate
431 lets you control Speakup parameters from within a script. How you
433 but I will include a couple of simple examples here to give you a
436 Suppose for example, that you wanted to control both the punctuation
469 If you were to store these four small scripts in a directory in your
471 chmod command, then you could change the default reading punc and
473 example, if you were to execute the punc3 command at your shell prompt,
477 regardless of which shell you use, you should be able to do something
480 The Speakup sys system also has another interesting use. You can echo
496 As you can see, the version entry in the Speakup sys system is read
509 ways. For example, you might wish to know what level your volume is set
510 at. You could type:
520 writable by root only, and some are writable by everyone. Unless you
521 know what you are doing, you should probably leave the ones that are
524 for controlling speaking rate, etc. If you find one you aren't sure about, you
531 in order to use a different synthesizer. You can simply echo the
533 Depending on your situation, you may wish to echo none to the synth
550 we'll see in the next section, this is particularly useful when you are
553 If Speakup is completely compiled as modules, then you must use the
554 modprobe command to load Speakup. You do this by loading the module for
555 the synthesizer driver you wish to use. The driver modules are all
557 synthesizer you want. So, in order to load the driver for the DecTalk
558 Express, you would type the following command:
566 as modules, you would give the command:
570 The above command assumes you were running a DecTalk Express. If you
571 were using a different synth, then you would substitute its keyword in
574 If you have multiple drivers loaded, you need to unload all of them, in
576 For example, if you have loaded both the dectlk and ltlk drivers, use the
580 You cannot unload the driver for software synthesizers when a user-space
594 you would type:
598 You can use the modprobe -r command to unload driver modules, regardless
615 If your system does not have udev installed , before you can use a
616 software synthesizer, you must have created the /dev/softsynth device.
617 If you have not already done so, issue the following commands as root:
635 of Linux. If it is not packaged, you need to install it manually.
636 You can find it in the contrib/ subdirectory of the Speakup sources.
653 you probably have a distribution-specific script that controls the operation
664 If you built Espeakup manually, the "make install" step placed the binary
672 For this option, you must have a package called
676 Two open source synthesizers you might use are Flite and Festival. You
678 If you run a google search for Fonix, you'll find their web site.
680 You can obtain a copy of Speech Dispatcher from free(b)soft at
683 Dispatcher. You can check out the web site for your Linux distribution
687 Once you've installed, configured, and tested Speech Dispatcher with your
688 chosen software synthesizer, you still need one more piece of software
689 in order to make things work. You need a package called speechd-up.
690 You get it from the free(b)soft web site mentioned above. After you've
691 compiled and installed speechd-up, you are almost ready to begin using
694 Now you can begin using your software synthesizer. In order to do so,
703 Your synth should now start talking, and you should be able to adjust
713 You can get the dec_pc.tgz file from the linux-speakup.org site. The
716 After you have downloaded the dec_pc.tgz file, untar it in your home
726 You will need to copy the dtload command from the dec_pc directory to a
730 You can now run the dtload command in order to load the DecTalk PC
731 software onto the card. After you have done this, echo the decpc
736 Your DecTalk PC should start talking, and then you can adjust the pitch,
739 which will give you access to some of the DecTalk voices.
744 default. This means that when you are using an editor, Speakup will
745 automatically speak characters as you move left and right with the
746 cursor keys, and lines as you move up and down with the cursor keys.
752 Sometimes, these modes get in your way, so you can disable cursor tracking
755 You may select among the various forms of cursor tracking using the keypad
757 Each time you press this key, a new mode is selected, and Speakup speaks
764 rather than the cursor itself. When you move the cursor with the arrow keys,
767 If cursor tracking isn't helping you while navigating a menu,
770 With the "read window" variety of cursor tracking, you can limit the text
773 When you move the cursor via the arrow keys, Speakup only speaks
774 the contents of the window. This is especially helpful when you are hearing
777 Suppose that you are at a shell prompt. You use bash, and you want to
778 explore your command history using the up and down arrow keys. If you
779 have enabled cursor tracking, you will hear two pieces of information.
781 command history. You may not want to hear the prompt repeated
782 each time you move, so you can silence it by specifying a window. Find
790 You will notice that Speakup no longer speaks the redundant prompt.
793 lynx web browser. You definitely want to turn cursor tracking off when
794 you are using the alsamixer application. Otherwise, you won't be able
795 to hear your mixer settings while you are using the arrow keys.
800 text on the screen. This means that you can capture information from a
806 sites. It would be nice if you could cut and paste these urls into your
807 web browser. Speakup does this quite nicely. Suppose you wanted to
821 Now that you have the url cut from the screen, you can paste it into
825 Suppose you want to start lynx and go to the Speakup site.
827 You can switch to a different console with the alt left and right
828 arrows, or you can switch to a specific console by typing alt and a
832 Once you've changed to an appropriate console, and are at a shell prompt,
834 key, while you type the keypad slash character. The url will be pasted
835 onto the command line, just as though you had typed it in. Press the
839 mark and cut operation is carried out. This means you can paste the cut
840 information as many times as you like before doing another cut
843 You are not limited to cutting and pasting only one line on the screen.
844 You can also cut and paste rectangular regions of the screen. Just
852 Through the /speakup/i18n/characters sys entry, Speakup gives you the
853 ability to change how Speakup pronounces a given character. You could,
854 for example, change how some punctuation characters are spoken. You can
857 You may, for example, wish to change how Speakup pronounces the z
859 believes that the z should be pronounced zed. If you are an American,
860 you might wish to use the zee pronunciation instead of zed. You can
870 The word echo tells the shell that you want to have it display the
871 string of characters that follow the word echo. If you were to just
876 You would get the word hello printed on your screen as soon as you
894 You can look at the whole table with the following command:
899 won't display it here, but leave you to look at it at your convenience.
903 Speakup has the capability of allowing you to assign or "map" keys to
904 internal Speakup commands. This section necessarily assumes you have a
906 configured with Speakup. How you do this is beyond the scope of this
908 http://linux-speakup.org/. The reason you'll need the kernel source
909 tree patched with Speakup is that the genmap utility you'll need for
913 the Linux source tree you are working with.
915 So ok, you've gone off and gotten your kernel source tree, and patched
916 and configured it. Now you can start manipulating keymaps.
918 You can either use the
920 included with the Speakup source, or you can cut and paste the copy in
921 section 4 into a separate file. If you use the one in the Speakup
922 source tree, make sure you make a backup of it before you start making
923 changes. You have been warned!
925 Suppose that you want to swap the key assignments for the Speakup
932 You can edit your copy of the speakupmap.map file and swap the command
933 names on the right side of the = (equals) sign. You did make a backup,
939 After you edit your copy of the speakupmap.map file, save it under a new
943 You are now ready to load your keymap with your swapped key assignments.
944 Assuming that you saved your new keymap as the file newmap.map, you
952 above command wrapped onto two lines in this document, you should type
956 speakup pagedown should read you the first non-whitespace character on
958 read you the last character on the line your reading cursor is in.
960 You should note that these new mappings will only stay in effect until
961 you reboot, or until you load another keymap.
963 One final warning. If you try to load a partial map, you will quickly
964 find that all the mappings you didn't include in your file got deleted
966 You have been warned!
971 For instance, when you move to the left edge of the screen with the
974 and they could not be changed. If you used a non-English synthesizer,
975 you still heard English messages, such as "left" and "cursoring on."
988 be categorized. You will find messages such as "You killed Speakup",
990 You will also find the names of the screen edges and cursor tracking modes
1001 When you use the "say attributes" function, Speakup says the name of the
1006 Here, you will find names of control keys. These are used with Speakup's
1011 the type and width of displayed data. If you change these, you must
1016 Here, you will find a list of names for Speakup functions. These are used
1017 by the help system. For example, suppose that you have activated help mode,
1018 and you pressed keypad 3. Speakup says:
1025 example, Speakup said that you pressed "keypad 3."
1030 Again, these are part of the help system. For instance, if you had pressed
1031 speakup + keypad 3, you would hear:
1044 For example, if you view the file /speakup/i18n/colors, you will see the
1057 You can change one message, or you can change a whole group.
1061 You can change an individual message with the echo command,
1077 French is only available after you are logged in.
1081 following command should let you do this:
1088 run the script speakup_setlocale. You are asked the language that you want to
1093 Otherwise, you will have an error: your language will be loaded but you will
1097 You will have to repeat these steps for any change of locale, i.e. if you wish
1100 If you wish store the settings, note that at your next login, you will need to
1105 Alternatively, you can add the above line to your file
1138 There is no way to save these window settings, and you can only have one
1143 cursor to the beginning of the area you want to define. Then press
1144 speakup + f2. Speakup will tell you that the window starts at the
1147 If there is more than one line in the window, Speakup will tell you
1149 is only one line in the window, then Speakup will tell you that the
1150 window is the specified line on the screen. If you are only defining a
1151 one line window, you can just press speakup + f2 twice after placing the
1152 reading cursor on the line you want to define as a window. It is not
1173 Speakupconf allows you to save and load your Speakup settings. It works
1177 whether it is run from the root account. If you execute speakupconf as
1202 Talkwith allows you to switch synthesizers on the fly. It takes a synthesizer
1205 causes Speakup to use the DecTalk Express. If you wish to switch to a
1206 software synthesizer, you must also indicate which daemon you wish to
1209 If you wish to use espeakup for software synthesis, give the command
1220 synthesizer is activated. You can use speakupconf to load your settings
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