179 		 * upper file handle could become stale when upper file is  in ovl_decode_real_fh()
484 			    is_upper ? "upper" : "origin", real,  in ovl_verify_set_fh()
489 /* Get upper dentry from index */
493 	struct dentry *upper;  in ovl_index_upper()  local
502 	upper = ovl_decode_real_fh(ofs, fh, ovl_upper_mnt(ofs), true);  in ovl_index_upper()
505 	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(upper))  in ovl_index_upper()
506 		return upper ?: ERR_PTR(-ESTALE);  in ovl_index_upper()
508 	if (!d_is_dir(upper)) {  in ovl_index_upper()
509 		pr_warn_ratelimited("invalid index upper (%pd2, upper=%pd2).\n",  in ovl_index_upper()
510 				    index, upper);  in ovl_index_upper()
511 		dput(upper);  in ovl_index_upper()
515 	return upper;  in ovl_index_upper()
529 	struct dentry *upper = NULL;  in ovl_verify_index()  local
569 	 * Directory index entries should have 'upper' xattr pointing to the  in ovl_verify_index()
570 	 * real upper dir. Non-dir index entries are hardlinks to the upper  in ovl_verify_index()
573 	 * decode the upper directory.  in ovl_verify_index()
575 	upper = ovl_index_upper(ofs, index);  in ovl_verify_index()
576 	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(upper)) {  in ovl_verify_index()
577 		err = PTR_ERR(upper);  in ovl_verify_index()
579 		 * Directory index entries with no 'upper' xattr need to be  in ovl_verify_index()
580 		 * removed. When dir index entry has a stale 'upper' xattr,  in ovl_verify_index()
581 		 * we assume that upper dir was removed and we treat the dir  in ovl_verify_index()
591 	err = ovl_verify_fh(ofs, upper, OVL_XATTR_ORIGIN, fh);  in ovl_verify_index()
592 	dput(upper);  in ovl_verify_index()
649  * to an inode different than the upper inode, then either the upper inode
700 struct dentry *ovl_lookup_index(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct dentry *upper,  in ovl_lookup_index()  argument
753 		if (!upper) {  in ovl_lookup_index()
759 		/* Verify that dir index 'upper' xattr points to upper dir */  in ovl_lookup_index()
760 		err = ovl_verify_upper(ofs, index, upper, false);  in ovl_lookup_index()
763 …pr_warn_ratelimited("suspected multiply redirected dir found (upper=%pd2, origin=%pd2, index=%pd2)…  in ovl_lookup_index()
764 						    upper, origin, index);  in ovl_lookup_index()
768 	} else if (upper && d_inode(upper) != inode) {  in ovl_lookup_index()
810 			  struct dentry *lower, struct dentry *upper)  in ovl_fix_origin()  argument
814 	if (ovl_check_origin_xattr(ofs, upper))  in ovl_fix_origin()
821 	err = ovl_set_origin(ofs, lower, upper);  in ovl_fix_origin()
823 		err = ovl_set_impure(dentry->d_parent, upper->d_parent);  in ovl_fix_origin()
938 		 * If no origin fh is stored in upper of a merge dir, store fh  in ovl_lookup()
939 		 * of lower dir and set upper parent "impure".  in ovl_lookup()
989 		 * This is only a problem if the upper layer is untrusted (e.g  in ovl_lookup()
1014 	 * For regular non-metacopy upper dentries, there is no lower  in ovl_lookup()
1016 	 * using ORIGIN xattr on upper, install it in stack.  in ovl_lookup()
1044 	 * upper inode. We only trust dir index if we verified that lower dir  in ovl_lookup()
1048 	 * For regular upper, we already set origin if upper had ORIGIN  in ovl_lookup()
1052 	 * For metacopy upper, we set a verified origin already if index  in ovl_lookup()
1053 	 * is enabled and if upper had an ORIGIN xattr.  in ovl_lookup()
1169 	/* Negative upper -> positive lower */  in ovl_lower_positive()
1174 	/* Positive upper -> have to look up lower to see whether it exists */  in ovl_lower_positive()