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1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
24 1.1 Process-Specific Subdirectories
36 3 Per-Process Parameters
37 3.1 /proc/<pid>/oom_adj & /proc/<pid>/oom_score_adj - Adjust the oom-killer
39 3.2 /proc/<pid>/oom_score - Display current oom-killer score
40 3.3 /proc/<pid>/io - Display the IO accounting fields
41 3.4 /proc/<pid>/coredump_filter - Core dump filtering settings
42 3.5 /proc/<pid>/mountinfo - Information about mounts
44 3.7 /proc/<pid>/task/<tid>/children - Information about task children
45 3.8 /proc/<pid>/fdinfo/<fd> - Information about opened file
46 3.9 /proc/<pid>/map_files - Information about memory mapped files
47 3.10 /proc/<pid>/timerslack_ns - Task timerslack value
48 3.11 /proc/<pid>/patch_state - Livepatch patch operation state
49 3.12 /proc/<pid>/arch_status - Task architecture specific information
60 ------------------------
68 we know, it is the first 'all-in-one' document about the /proc file system. It
71 It also only covers IPv4 networking, not IPv6 nor other protocols - sorry. But
87 http://tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Filesystem-Hierarchy/html/proc.html
90 mailing list at linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org and/or try to reach me at
94 ---------------
104 ---------------
111 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
117 First, we'll take a look at the read-only parts of /proc. In Chapter 2, we
120 1.1 Process-Specific Subdirectories
121 -----------------------------------
127 subdirectory has the entries listed in Table 1-1.
137 .. table:: Table 1-1: Process specific entries in /proc
156 symbol the task is blocked in - or "0" if not blocked.
220 file /proc/PID/status. It fields are described in table 1-2.
223 memory usage. Its seven fields are explained in Table 1-3. The stat file
225 explained in Table 1-4.
234 .. table:: Table 1-2: Contents of the status files (as of 4.19)
306 .. table:: Table 1-3: Contents of the statm files (as of 2.6.8-rc3)
313 shared number of pages that are shared (i.e. backed by a file, same
324 .. table:: Table 1-4: Contents of the stat files (as of 2.6.30-rc7)
393 08048000-08049000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 8312 /opt/test
394 08049000-0804a000 rw-p 00001000 03:00 8312 /opt/test
395 0804a000-0806b000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [heap]
396 a7cb1000-a7cb2000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
397 a7cb2000-a7eb2000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
398 a7eb2000-a7eb3000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
399 a7eb3000-a7ed5000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
400 a7ed5000-a8008000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 4222 /lib/libc.so.6
401 a8008000-a800a000 r--p 00133000 03:00 4222 /lib/libc.so.6
402 a800a000-a800b000 rw-p 00135000 03:00 4222 /lib/libc.so.6
403 a800b000-a800e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
404 a800e000-a8022000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 14462 /lib/libpthread.so.0
405 a8022000-a8023000 r--p 00013000 03:00 14462 /lib/libpthread.so.0
406 a8023000-a8024000 rw-p 00014000 03:00 14462 /lib/libpthread.so.0
407 a8024000-a8027000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
408 a8027000-a8043000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 8317 /lib/ld-linux.so.2
409 a8043000-a8044000 r--p 0001b000 03:00 8317 /lib/ld-linux.so.2
410 a8044000-a8045000 rw-p 0001c000 03:00 8317 /lib/ld-linux.so.2
411 aff35000-aff4a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [stack]
412 ffffe000-fffff000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vdso]
444 08048000-080bc000 r-xp 00000000 03:02 13130 /bin/bash
488 a single pte mapped, i.e. is currently used by only one process, is accounted
513 "Swap" shows how much would-be-anonymous memory is also used, but out on swap.
516 replaced by copy-on-write) part of the underlying shmem object out on swap.
522 pages as well as the THP is PMD mappable or not - 1 if true, 0 otherwise.
562 uw userfaultfd wr-protect tracking
567 be vanished or the reverse -- new added. Interpretation of their meaning
590 - Pss_Anon
591 - Pss_File
592 - Pss_Shmem
602 soft-dirty bit on pte (see Documentation/admin-guide/mm/soft-dirty.rst
616 To clear the soft-dirty bit::
630 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/pagemap.rst.
641 3206000000 default file=/lib64/ld-2.12.so mapped=26 mapmax=6 N0=24 N3=2 kernelpagesize_kB=4
642 320621f000 default file=/lib64/ld-2.12.so anon=1 dirty=1 N3=1 kernelpagesize_kB=4
643 3206220000 default file=/lib64/ld-2.12.so anon=1 dirty=1 N3=1 kernelpagesize_kB=4
645 …3206800000 default file=/lib64/libc-2.12.so mapped=59 mapmax=21 active=55 N0=41 N3=18 kernelpagesi…
646 320698b000 default file=/lib64/libc-2.12.so
647 3206b8a000 default file=/lib64/libc-2.12.so anon=2 dirty=2 N3=2 kernelpagesize_kB=4
648 3206b8e000 default file=/lib64/libc-2.12.so anon=1 dirty=1 N3=1 kernelpagesize_kB=4
660 "policy" reports the NUMA memory policy set for the mapping (see Documentation/admin-guide/mm/numa_…
667 ---------------
671 /proc and are listed in Table 1-5. Not all of these will be present in your
675 .. table:: Table 1-5: Kernel info in /proc
717 pci Deprecated info of PCI bus (new way -> /proc/bus/pci/,
739 0: 8728810 XT-PIC timer
740 1: 895 XT-PIC keyboard
741 2: 0 XT-PIC cascade
742 3: 531695 XT-PIC aha152x
743 4: 2014133 XT-PIC serial
744 5: 44401 XT-PIC pcnet_cs
745 8: 2 XT-PIC rtc
746 11: 8 XT-PIC i82365
747 12: 182918 XT-PIC PS/2 Mouse
748 13: 1 XT-PIC fpu
749 14: 1232265 XT-PIC ide0
750 15: 7 XT-PIC ide1
759 0: 1243498 1214548 IO-APIC-edge timer
760 1: 8949 8958 IO-APIC-edge keyboard
761 2: 0 0 XT-PIC cascade
762 5: 11286 10161 IO-APIC-edge soundblaster
763 8: 1 0 IO-APIC-edge rtc
764 9: 27422 27407 IO-APIC-edge 3c503
765 12: 113645 113873 IO-APIC-edge PS/2 Mouse
766 13: 0 0 XT-PIC fpu
767 14: 22491 24012 IO-APIC-edge ide0
768 15: 2183 2415 IO-APIC-edge ide1
769 17: 30564 30414 IO-APIC-level eth0
770 18: 177 164 IO-APIC-level bttv
780 ERR is incremented in the case of errors in the IO-APIC bus (the bus that
782 the IO-APIC automatically retry the transmission, so it should not be a big
783 problem, but you should read the SMP-FAQ.
848 1024-1031
850 The default_smp_affinity mask applies to all non-active IRQs, which are the
852 /proc/irq/[0-9]* directory.
861 The way IRQs are routed is handled by the IO-APIC, and it's Round Robin
864 best choice for almost everyone. [Note this applies only to those IO-APIC's
921 A page block is typically the size of the default hugepage size, e.g. 2MB on
922 X86-64. By keeping pages grouped based on their ability to move, the kernel
923 can reclaim pages within a page block to satisfy a high-order allocation.
927 by migrate-type and finishes with details on how many page blocks of each
1014 Total usable RAM (i.e. physical RAM minus a few reserved
1031 In-memory cache for files read from the disk (the
1075 Non-file backed pages mapped into userspace page tables
1085 in-kernel data structures cache
1113 CommitLimit = ([total RAM pages] - [total huge TLB pages]) *
1121 in mm/overcommit-accounting.
1149 Non-file backed huge pages mapped into userspace page tables
1165 See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/hugetlbpage.rst.
1193 0xffffc20000000000-0xffffc20000201000 2101248 alloc_large_system_hash+0x204 ...
1195 0xffffc20000201000-0xffffc20000302000 1052672 alloc_large_system_hash+0x204 ...
1197 0xffffc20000302000-0xffffc20000304000 8192 acpi_tb_verify_table+0x21/0x4f...
1199 0xffffc20000304000-0xffffc20000307000 12288 acpi_tb_verify_table+0x21/0x4f...
1201 0xffffc2000031d000-0xffffc2000031f000 8192 init_vdso_vars+0x112/0x210
1202 0xffffc2000031f000-0xffffc2000032b000 49152 cramfs_uncompress_init+0x2e ...
1204 0xffffc2000033a000-0xffffc2000033d000 12288 sys_swapon+0x640/0xac0 ...
1206 0xffffc20000347000-0xffffc2000034c000 20480 xt_alloc_table_info+0xfe ...
1208 0xffffffffa0000000-0xffffffffa000f000 61440 sys_init_module+0xc27/0x1d00 ...
1210 0xffffffffa000f000-0xffffffffa0014000 20480 sys_init_module+0xc27/0x1d00 ...
1212 0xffffffffa0014000-0xffffffffa0017000 12288 sys_init_module+0xc27/0x1d00 ...
1214 0xffffffffa0017000-0xffffffffa0022000 45056 sys_init_module+0xc27/0x1d00 ...
1238 --------------------------------
1240 The subdirectory /proc/net follows the usual pattern. Table 1-8 shows the
1242 support this. Table 1-9 lists the files and their meaning.
1245 .. table:: Table 1-8: IPv6 info in /proc/net
1261 .. table:: Table 1-9: Network info in /proc/net
1298 Inter-|Receive |[...
1317 -------------
1327 Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 03
1329 Vendor: PIONEER Model: CD-ROM DR-U06S Rev: 1.04
1330 Type: CD-ROM ANSI SCSI revision: 02
1337 AHA-2940 SCSI adapter::
1347 SCSI Adapter: Adaptec AHA-294X Ultra SCSI host adapter
1380 ---------------------------------------
1386 These directories contain the four files shown in Table 1-10.
1389 .. table:: Table 1-10: Files in /proc/parport
1394 autoprobe Any IEEE-1284 device ID information that has been acquired.
1405 -------------------------
1409 this directory, as shown in Table 1-11.
1412 .. table:: Table 1-11: Files in /proc/tty
1426 pty_slave /dev/pts 136 0-255 pty:slave
1427 pty_master /dev/ptm 128 0-255 pty:master
1428 pty_slave /dev/ttyp 3 0-255 pty:slave
1429 pty_master /dev/pty 2 0-255 pty:master
1430 serial /dev/cua 5 64-67 serial:callout
1431 serial /dev/ttyS 4 64-67 serial
1436 unknown /dev/tty 4 1-63 console
1440 -------------------------------------------------
1456 softirq 183433 0 21755 12 39 1137 231 21459 2263
1463 - user: normal processes executing in user mode
1464 - nice: niced processes executing in user mode
1465 - system: processes executing in kernel mode
1466 - idle: twiddling thumbs
1467 - iowait: In a word, iowait stands for waiting for I/O to complete. But there
1473 2. In a multi-core CPU, the task waiting for I/O to complete is not running
1479 - irq: servicing interrupts
1480 - softirq: servicing softirqs
1481 - steal: involuntary wait
1482 - guest: running a normal guest
1483 - guest_nice: running a niced guest
1501 running or ready to run (i.e., the total number of runnable threads).
1513 -------------------------------
1517 /proc/fs/ext4 based on its device name (i.e., /proc/fs/ext4/hdc or
1518 /proc/fs/ext4/dm-0). The files in each per-device directory are shown
1519 in Table 1-12, below.
1521 .. table:: Table 1-12: Files in /proc/fs/ext4/<devname>
1529 -------------------
1536 tty0 -WU (ECp) 4:7
1537 ttyS0 -W- (Ep) 4:64
1541 +--------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
1547 +--------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
1548 | flags | * E = it is enabled |
1554 +--------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
1557 +--------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
1560 -------
1573 ---------------
1579 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1603 Please see: Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/ directory for descriptions of these
1607 -------
1616 Chapter 3: Per-process Parameters
1619 3.1 /proc/<pid>/oom_adj & /proc/<pid>/oom_score_adj- Adjust the oom-killer score
1620 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1642 is used to determine which task to kill. Acceptable values range from -1000
1645 task or completely disabling it. The lowest possible value, -1000, is
1653 50% more memory. A value of -500, on the other hand, would be roughly
1658 be used to tune the badness score. Its acceptable values range from -16
1659 (OOM_ADJUST_MIN) to +15 (OOM_ADJUST_MAX) and a special value of -17
1668 3.2 /proc/<pid>/oom_score - Display current oom-killer score
1669 -------------------------------------------------------------
1671 This file can be used to check the current score used by the oom-killer for
1673 process should be killed in an out-of-memory situation.
1679 3.3 /proc/<pid>/io - Display the IO accounting fields
1680 -------------------------------------------------------
1728 Attempt to count the number of read I/O operations, i.e. syscalls like read()
1736 Attempt to count the number of write I/O operations, i.e. syscalls like
1746 accurate for block-backed filesystems. <please add status regarding NFS and
1755 the storage layer. This is done at page-dirtying time.
1774 At its current implementation state, this is a bit racy on 32-bit machines:
1776 of those 64-bit counters, process A could see an intermediate result.
1782 3.4 /proc/<pid>/coredump_filter - Core dump filtering settings
1783 ---------------------------------------------------------------
1787 Conversely, sometimes we want to save file-backed memory segments into a core
1797 - (bit 0) anonymous private memory
1798 - (bit 1) anonymous shared memory
1799 - (bit 2) file-backed private memory
1800 - (bit 3) file-backed shared memory
1801 - (bit 4) ELF header pages in file-backed private memory areas (it is
1803 - (bit 5) hugetlb private memory
1804 - (bit 6) hugetlb shared memory
1805 - (bit 7) DAX private memory
1806 - (bit 8) DAX shared memory
1811 Note that bits 0-4 don't affect hugetlb or DAX memory. hugetlb memory is
1812 only affected by bit 5-6, and DAX is only affected by bits 7-8.
1829 3.5 /proc/<pid>/mountinfo - Information about mounts
1830 --------------------------------------------------------
1834 36 35 98:0 /mnt1 /mnt2 rw,noatime master:1 - ext3 /dev/root rw,errors=continue
1870 --------------------------------------------------------
1878 3.7 /proc/<pid>/task/<tid>/children - Information about task children
1879 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
1884 Note the "first level" here -- if a child has its own children they will
1885 not be listed here; one needs to read /proc/<children-pid>/task/<tid>/children
1895 3.8 /proc/<pid>/fdinfo/<fd> - Information about opened file
1896 ---------------------------------------------------------------
1898 files have at least four fields -- 'pos', 'flags', 'mnt_id' and 'ino'.
1929 eventfd-count: 5a
1931 where 'eventfd-count' is hex value of a counter.
1974 …inotify wd:3 ino:9e7e sdev:800013 mask:800afce ignored_mask:0 fhandle-bytes:8 fhandle-type:1 f_han…
1976 where 'wd' is a watch descriptor in decimal form, i.e. a target file
1983 fields 'fhandle-bytes', 'fhandle-type' and 'f_handle', all in hex
1997 fanotify flags:10 event-flags:0
1999 …fanotify ino:4f969 sdev:800013 mflags:0 mask:3b ignored_mask:40000000 fhandle-bytes:8 fhandle-type…
2001 where fanotify 'flags' and 'event-flags' are values used in fanotify_init
2047 exp_name: system-heap
2052 3.9 /proc/<pid>/map_files - Information about memory mapped files
2053 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
2057 | lr-------- 1 root root 64 Jan 27 11:24 333c600000-333c620000 -> /usr/lib64/ld-2.18.so
2058 | lr-------- 1 root root 64 Jan 27 11:24 333c81f000-333c820000 -> /usr/lib64/ld-2.18.so
2059 | lr-------- 1 root root 64 Jan 27 11:24 333c820000-333c821000 -> /usr/lib64/ld-2.18.so
2061 | lr-------- 1 root root 64 Jan 27 11:24 35d0421000-35d0422000 -> /usr/lib64/libselinux.so.1
2062 | lr-------- 1 root root 64 Jan 27 11:24 400000-41a000 -> /usr/bin/ls
2064 The name of a link represents the virtual memory bounds of a mapping, i.e.
2065 vm_area_struct::vm_start-vm_area_struct::vm_end.
2074 3.10 /proc/<pid>/timerslack_ns - Task timerslack value
2075 ---------------------------------------------------------
2085 Valid values are from 0 - ULLONG_MAX
2090 3.11 /proc/<pid>/patch_state - Livepatch patch operation state
2091 -----------------------------------------------------------------
2095 A value of '-1' indicates that no patch is in transition.
2107 3.12 /proc/<pid>/arch_status - task architecture specific status
2108 -------------------------------------------------------------------
2148 A special value of '-1' indicates that no AVX512 usage was recorded, thus
2156 ---------------------
2166 hidepid=off or hidepid=0 means classic mode - everybody may access all
2179 process with a specific pid value exists (it can be learned by other means, e.g.
2180 by "kill -0 $PID"), but it hides process' uid and gid, which may be learned by
2209 # strace -e mount mount -o hidepid=1 -t proc proc /tmp/proc
2220 # mount -o remount,hidepid=1 -t proc proc /tmp/proc
2233 # mount -o hidepid=invisible -t proc proc /proc
2234 # mount -o hidepid=noaccess -t proc proc /tmp/proc